Haematology

Thrombosis, Clotting & Anticoagulation

Thrombosis, Blood Clot & Anticoagulation Specialists in Melbourne

Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms within a vein or artery. Common venous thromboembolic conditions include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A clot may be triggered by surgery, immobility, pregnancy, hormone treatment, cancer or another temporary risk factor, while some occur without an obvious trigger. The key questions are why the clot occurred, how long anticoagulant treatment is required and how the future risk of another clot compares with the risk of bleeding from ongoing anticoagulation.

Conditions & Treatments

Northern Blood & Cancer Care provides Melbourne haematology assessment for DVT, PE and other thromboses, suspected thrombophilia, difficult anticoagulant decisions and peri-operative anticoagulation planning. Specialist review can be particularly helpful after an unprovoked clot, recurrent thrombosis, thrombosis at an unusual site, clotting during pregnancy, a strong family history or when anticoagulation must be balanced against a significant bleeding risk.
A DVT most often forms in a deep vein of the leg, while a PE occurs when clot travels to the lungs. Treatment usually begins with an anticoagulant to prevent the clot from extending and reduce the risk of further emboli while the body gradually breaks the clot down. The duration of treatment is individualised. A clot after major surgery may require a finite treatment course, whereas recurrent or unprovoked thrombosis can lead to discussion about extended anticoagulation. Less common thromboses involving abdominal, cerebral or upper-limb veins may need additional investigation for local or systemic causes.
Thrombophilia refers to an inherited or acquired tendency to form clots. Examples include factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene mutation, deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C or protein S, and antiphospholipid syndrome. Testing is not useful for every person who has a DVT or PE, because results do not always change treatment and some tests can be misleading during an acute clot or while taking anticoagulants. A haematologist can determine whether testing is appropriate, when it should be performed and how a result should influence the patient or their family.
Anticoagulants include direct oral anticoagulants, warfarin and injectable heparin-based medicines. Choice depends on the indication, kidney and liver function, other medications, pregnancy status, cancer, bleeding risk and patient preference. Haematology review may be useful for recurrent thrombosis despite treatment, significant bleeding, extreme body weight, renal impairment, antiphospholipid syndrome or uncertainty about the duration of therapy. The goal is to use enough anticoagulation to reduce thrombosis risk without exposing the patient to unnecessary bleeding risk.
Surgery and invasive procedures can require anticoagulation to be interrupted, but the timing depends on the medicine, kidney function, procedural bleeding risk and the reason the anticoagulant is being taken. Some patients can simply stop and restart medication around the procedure, while a smaller group may require bridging with a shorter-acting anticoagulant. Haematology input can provide a documented plan for the patient, surgeon and anaesthetist, particularly when thrombosis risk is high or the procedure itself has substantial bleeding consequences.

How We Investigate & Plan Care

Thrombosis assessment includes confirming the nature and location of the clot, reviewing provoking factors and family history, and looking for conditions that alter risk. In selected patients this may involve thrombophilia testing, a full blood count, assessment for myeloproliferative disorders or antiphospholipid antibodies. Broad cancer screening is not automatically required after every unprovoked clot; the approach is guided by age, symptoms, examination and routine age-appropriate screening.

For people without a confirmed thrombosis, referral may relate to a family history, an abnormal thrombophilia result or planning for pregnancy, hormone therapy or surgery. The interpretation of inherited thrombophilia is nuanced: having a genetic predisposition does not mean a clot is inevitable, and the result should be considered alongside the patient’s personal risk factors.

Treatment & Care

Treatment & Ongoing Care

Long-term prevention may include anticoagulant medication, management of reversible risk factors and a clear plan for high-risk periods such as surgery, prolonged immobility or pregnancy. Patients are also counselled about warning symptoms of recurrent DVT or PE and circumstances in which urgent assessment is needed.

Northern Blood & Cancer Care works with GPs, surgeons, obstetricians and other specialists to provide practical anticoagulation plans. This is especially valuable when a patient has competing clotting and bleeding risks, complex medical comorbidities or needs several teams to follow the same peri-procedural plan.

Before You Visit

When Should I See a Haematologist About a Blood Clot?

Many straightforward provoked DVTs and pulmonary emboli can be managed without long-term specialist follow-up. Haematology input can be particularly valuable when:

  • A DVT or pulmonary embolism occurred without a clear temporary trigger.
  • There has been more than one thrombosis, or a clot has occurred at an unusual site.
  • There is a strong family history of venous thrombosis or a thrombophilia result that needs interpretation.
  • There is uncertainty about how long anticoagulation should continue or how bleeding risk should be balanced against recurrence risk.
  • Anticoagulation needs to be planned around surgery, an invasive procedure, pregnancy or another high-risk period.
  • A clot occurred despite appropriate anticoagulant treatment or anticoagulation has caused a significant complication.


New chest pain, sudden shortness of breath, coughing blood, collapse, or new one-sided leg swelling and pain that could indicate a DVT or pulmonary embolism require urgent medical assessment rather than waiting for a routine clinic appointment.

Preparing for Your Appointment

If you are attending for a new consultation, please bring a current referral, a list of medications and any recent pathology, imaging or biopsy reports that are relevant to this problem. Where possible, serial results are more useful than a single test because they show whether an abnormality is stable, improving or progressing. Your specialist will explain what the results mean, which findings matter, whether additional tests are required and the options available. You are welcome to bring a family member or support person, particularly when the consultation is likely to involve a new diagnosis or a complex treatment decision.

Our Experts

Northern Blood & Cancer Care brings together Melbourne specialists with complementary clinical, hospital and research appointments. The clinicians most closely associated with this service include:

Haematology Expertise

Individualised Expertise for Clotting & Anticoagulation

Decisions after a blood clot are rarely based on one test alone. Northern Blood & Cancer Care has particular expertise in thrombosis, thrombophilia and anticoagulation, including complex duration-of-treatment decisions, pregnancy-related clotting risk and peri-operative planning where a clear, coordinated anticoagulation plan can be especially valuable.

Northern Blood & Cancer Care

Specialist Blood & Cancer Care in Melbourne

Northern Blood & Cancer Care brings together a highly experienced team of haematologists, medical oncologists and specialist physicians, with consultations available at Northern Private Hospital in Epping.

Contact our team to arrange an appointment or discuss a referral.